Which of the following sections in a technical manual

The second variety adds plywood between the vertical roll and wale. The third variety stacks multiple arrangements of the first type vertically.

The fourth variety uses a hydraulic cylinder exerting force on a horizontal walethat presses against upright sheeting. The primary difference is that pneumatic shoring uses air pressure in place of hydraulic pressure. A disadvantage to the use of pneumatic shoring is that an air compressor must be on site. Shoring Variations. The various jacks press up against the wale, which in turn keep the shoring in position.

Trench Boxes are different from shoring because, instead of shoring up or otherwise supporting the trench face, they are intended primarily to protect workers from cave-ins and similar incidents.

The excavated area between the outside of the trench box and the face of the trench should be as small as possible. The space between the trench boxes and the excavation side are backfilled to prevent lateral movement of the box. Shields may not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand.

Trench Shield. Trench Shield, Stacked. This figure illustrates a trench shield, consisting of a knife edge, sidewall, and struts. The knife edge is at the bottom edge of the sides of the trench shield, and struts are going between both sides of the shield, providing support.

Combined Use. Trench boxes are generally used in open areas, but they also may be used in combination with sloping and benching. The box should extend at least 18 in 0. This can be accomplished by providing a benched area adjacent to the box. Earth excavation to a depth of 2 ft 0. Conditions of this type require observation on the effects of bulging, heaving, and boiling as well as surcharging, vibration, adjacent structures, etc.

Careful visual inspection of the conditions mentioned above is the primary and most prudent approach to hazard identification and control. This figure illustrates how a support or shield system can be used in Type A soil. This figure illustrates how a support or shield system can be used in Type B soil.

This figure illustrates how a support or shield system can be used in Type C soil. Maximum allowable slopes for excavations less than 20 ft 6. Slope Configurations: Excavations in Layered Soils. This figure illustrates the different types of slope excavations in layered soils. Excavations Made in Type A Soil. This figure illustrates the types of excavations made in Type A soil: Two types use an unsupported vertically sided lower portion with maximum depths of 8 Feet and 12 Feet , and the three remaining types include single bench excavation, simple slope - short term, and multiple bench excavation.

There are two basic types of benching, simple and multiple. The type of soil determines the horizontal to vertical ratio of the benched side. As a general rule, the bottom vertical height of the trench must not exceed 4 ft 1. Subsequent benches may be up to a maximum of 5 ft 1.

All subsequent benches must be below the maximum allowable slope for that soil type. For Type B soil the trench excavation is permitted in cohesive soil only. Excavations Made in Type B Soil.

This figure illustrates two types of excavations made in Type B soil that are permitted in cohesive soil only: Single Bench Excavation, and Multiple Bench Excavation. Temporary Spoil. This figure illustrates temporary spoil being placed at a minimum of two feet from the surface edge of the excavation. Temporary spoil must be placed no closer than 2 ft 0.

This distance should not be measured from the crown of the spoil deposit. This distance requirement ensures that loose rock or soil from the temporary spoil will not fall on employees in the trench. Spoil should be placed so that it channels rainwater and other run-off water away from the excavation. Spoil should be placed so that it cannot accidentally run, slide, or fall back into the excavation. Permanent spoil should be placed at some distance from the excavation.

Permanent spoil is often created where underpasses are built or utilities are buried. Every section should serve a purpose. While writing the central chapter, keep in mind the following factors:. Conclusion- The purpose of the conclusion is to basically conclude any and everything that you talked about in your project. Mention the findings of each chapter, objectives reached, and the extent to which the given objectives were reached.

Discuss the implications of the findings and the significant contribution your research made. Appendices- They are used for complete sets of data, long mathematical formulas, tables, and figures.

Items in the appendices should be mentioned in the order they were used in the project. References- This is a very crucial part of your report. It cites the sources from which the information has been taken from.

This may be figures, statistics, graphs, or word-to-word sentences. The absence of this section can pose a legal threat for you. While writing references, give due credit to the sources and show your support to other people who have studied the same genres. Bibliography- Many people tend to get confused between references and bibliography. Let us clear it out for you.

References are the actual material you take into your research, previously published by someone else. Whereas a bibliography is an account of all the data you read, got inspired from, or gained knowledge from, which is not necessarily a direct part of your research.

If you think your work ends when the report ends, think again. Proofreading the report is a very important step. Check everything from content to layout, and style of writing. Steps Included. What if we tell you that the entire structure of a technical report explained in this article is already done and designed for you! With Bit. Bit has a minimal design aesthetic that makes every element pop and makes your report stand out! From margins to numbering, fonts, and design, everything is taken care of in the templates.

Next, you need to gather requirements for your technical manual. What are the frequently asked questions by customers? Where do most customers face issues or challenges?

These are the questions you need to answer before kickstarting your technical manual documentation. A great point to start is to bring together your customer service reps and sales staff under one roof and ask their suggestions and feedback.

Since they are the ones who interact with the customers the most, they have the most in-depth insights into customer wants and needs. You can also conduct an online survey with your existing customers and ask them about their pain points. You can then address these pain points in your manual and improve customer satisfaction substantially. Technical manuals can be lengthy.

It helps if you first create a structured outline and follow it religiously. From your requirements gathering phase, list down your main points you are going to cover in the manual and divide them into headings, sub-headings, categories, sub-categories, or topics. Not only will it be easier for your team to create technical manuals, but it will be easier to browse for the end-user as well. Most technical manuals are filled with plain-boring text and technical jargon no one reads. This leads to dissatisfied customers.

Make your technical manuals interactive by adding images, videos, infographics, and more wherever it makes sense. Since humans are visual creatures, we all understand better when we have a visual context around something we are reading.

If you explaining something in steps, adding screenshots to guide the customers to the end-point can do wonders. Accuracy is key as it can make or break your customer experience. Technical manuals are live documents that require constant updating. These are not one-off documents you can create and forget about. Once you publish your technical manual, make sure to do a survey or follow up with the end-user on the effectiveness of the manual, and understand the things they like and dislike.

The introduction of a user manual usually begins with a message of appreciation to users for selecting the product and a general product overview. The conclusion usually ends with details on how to contact the company, as well as information about the warranty and any disclaimers that might be needed.

Step: 7 Be Brief and Detailed User manuals need to be brief and detailed. Step: 8 Verify Accuracy Make sure that all of the information in the user manual is accurate.

Step 9: Proofread Carefully Proofread carefully to make sure your document is free of all kinds of errors, including spelling, punctuation and grammar. Step Format for Readability Covering all the key information readers need is critical for a user manual, but the document also has to be user-friendly and easy to follow.

Choose an appropriate font. It is generally best to opt for a sans serif font such as Arial or Calibri. Depending on your audience, you may need to use a larger font. Use headings to highlight transitions from one section to another.

Include subheadings within heading sections as needed. Present steps that must be followed in order in a numbered list format. Step Include a Table of Contents A table of contents is key when establishing what tips on writing user manuals you should take into consideration. Step Consider Adding an Index If the user manual is fairly long and detailed, consider adding an index at the end of the document in addition to including a table of contents at the beginning. Step Get the Document Reviewed Once you think the document is ready, get someone else to review and edit the document.

Key Business Writing Skill Writing instructional manuals is one of many types of business writing. Related Articles.